Pyrimidine Nucleotides Show Muscle Health Potential, Opening New Avenues for Sports Nutrition and Muscle Repair

A cell‑based study published in Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports reveals that cytidine‑5′‑monophosphate (5′‑CMP) and uridine‑5′‑monophosphate (5′‑UMP) regulate myocyte differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis, offering new candidate agents for improving exercise endurance and repairing skeletal‑muscle injuries. As conditionally essential nutrients, pyrimidine nucleotides are prone to insufficient synthesis under physical fatigue and stress.

In the in‑vitro mouse C2C12 myoblast model, 5′‑CMP and 5′‑UMP up‑regulate the myogenin gene. They drive myoblast fusion to form myotubes and increase myotube diameter, facilitating muscle differentiation and injury repair. The two compounds also activate PGC‑1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, raise mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and up‑regulate the slow‑twitch‑fiber marker gene Myh7 to induce a slow‑muscle phenotype, which benefits muscle endurance. Research indicates these nucleotides are hydrolyzed into cytidine and uridine inside the body to exert major biological activities. Previous animal tests have proven they can prolong time‑to‑exhaustion in exercising rats.

Industry insiders note that 5′‑CMP and 5′‑UMP feature good safety and oral bioavailability, making them promising candidates for sports‑nutrition supplements. However, findings are limited to in‑vitro cell experiments, without in‑vivo target‑gene validation in animals. Further in‑vivo studies are required to verify their actual effects on muscle gain and anti‑fatigue, advancing the translational development of related nutritional preparations.

FOR DETAIL:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101309

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